
1931Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÖÐÑëËÕÇøµÚ¶þ´Î·´¡°Î§½Ë¡±¸æ½Ý
1947Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬½â·ÅÕ½Õù£ºÃÏÁ¼áÄÕ½ÒÛ¿ªÊ¼
1954Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÎÒ¹úµÚÒ»×ù´óÐÍɽ¹ÈË®¿â¡ª¡ªÓÀ¶¨ºÓ¹ÙÌüË®¿â¿¢¹¤ÆôÓÃ
1992Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÎÒ¹úÓë¿ËÂÞµØÑǽ¨Á¢Íâ½»¹Øϵ
1996Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÎÒ´ú±íÔÚÁªºÏ¹úºôÓõ½¨Á¢¹«ÕýºÏÀíÊÀ½çÐÂÎÅÖÈÐò
1998Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬´óÐË°²Áë°¢¶ûɽ·¢ÉúÉÁÖ´ó»ð
³þººÏàÕù£¬Áõ°îºÎÒÔµÃÌìÏ£¿
³þººÏàÕùÊÇÎ÷³þ°ÔÍõÏîÓ𡢺ºÍõÁõ°îÁ½´ó¼¯ÍÅΪÕù¶áÕþȨ¶ø½øÐеÄÒ»³¡´ó¹æÄ£Õ½Õù£¬ÕⳡÁ¬Ðø½üÎåÄêµÄÕ½ÒÛ×îÖÕÒÔÏîÓð°ÜÍö£¬Áõ°î½¨Á¢Î÷ººÍõ³¯¶ø¸æÖÕ¡£Áõ°îÒԺεÃÌìÏ£¿
1¡¢Îª²ÝÔóÈ´ÖªÈËÉÆÈÎ
Áõ°îÒ»½é²ÝÔó£¬ÔÚÂÒÊÀÖÐÆð±ø£¬µÇ»ÊµÛ±¦×ù¡£Áõ°î×ÔÎÒ×ܽáÔÒò£º¡°·òÔ˳ïá¡ÕÊÖ®ÖУ¬¾öʤǧÀïÖ®Í⣬Îá²»Èç×Ó·¿£¬Õò¹ú¼Ò£¬¸øÀ¡â㬲»Í£Á¸µÀ£¬Îá²»ÈçÏôºÎ£¬Á¬°ÙÍòÖ®¾ü£¬Õ½±Øʤ£¬¹¥±ØÈ¡£¬Îá²»È纫ÐÅ¡£´ËÈýÈ˽ÔÈ˽ÜÒ²£¬´ËÎáËùÒÔÈ¡ÌìÏÂÒ²¡±¡£
Áõ°îÊÖϾۼ¯ÖÚ¶àÓ¢ÐÛºÀ½Ü£¬ÆäÖв»ÉÙÈ˸ú¹ýÏîÓ𣬵«ÓÉÓÚ²»±»ÖØÓ㬲ÅͶ±¼Áõ°î£¬¶øÁõ°îÖªÈËÉÆÈΣ¬ÖÕ»ñÀֳɡ£
2¡¢ÊÇÎÞÀµÈ´ºÀ·Å´ó·½
Áõ°îÒ»¸ö"ÎÞÀµ"֮ͽ£¬È´ÉîÖª¸Ð¶÷ºÍ¼¤ÀøµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬Ã¿´Î´òÁËʤÕÌ£¬¶¼ºÁ²»Ï§ØÄ·âÉÍ£¬¶ÔԪѫ¼Ó¹Ù½ø¾ô£¬¶ÔÊ¿±øÒ²ÓÐÎïÖʽ±Àø£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÊÖϵÄÈËÔ¸ÒâËæ×ÅËû³öÉúÈëËÀ¡£
3¡¢ÐÔ¿ñÍýÈ´´ÓÚÉÈçÁ÷
´óºº³õÁ¢£¬°Ù·Ï´ýÐË£¬Ò»Ð©È˱ãÏòÁõ°î½øÑÔÖιúÖ®µÀ£¬ÎªÁõ°îËùáÂ½¼Ö˵£ºÄã¿ÉÒÔÂíÉϵÃÌìÏ£¬µ«ÄÜÂíÉÏÖÎÌìÏÂÂð£¿Áõ°îÃæÓвÑÉ«£¬±ãÈý¼Ö×ܽáÇØÍöººÐ˵ľÑé½Ìѵ£¬ÒÔ×ʽè¼ø¡£
Áõ°îËäÊÇ´ÖÈË£¬ÐÔÇé¿ñÍý£¬È´²»ÊdzäÎÞÖªÖ®ÈË£¬ÄܹãÄÉÁ¼ÑÔ£¬µÃÒÔÐË°î¡£
4¡¢Ëäλ¸ßÈ´Öª´íÄܸÄ
Áõ°î³ÆµÛºó¿ªÊ¼×·ÇóÏíÀÖ£¬ÔÚ¾©³Ç³¤°²ËÄÖÜÇ¿ÐÐȦÁËÒ»´óƬɽ´¨ÍÁµØ£¬°ÑËü±äΪר¹©×Ô¼ºá÷ÁÔÓÎÀֵij¡Ëù¡°ÉÏÁÖÔ·¡±¡£Òò³¤°²ËÄÖܿɸû×÷µÄÍÁµØºÜÉÙ£¬ÀèÃñÒâ¼ûºÜ´ó£¬ÏôºÎ±ãÉÏÊé×èµ²£¬Ï£ÍûÁõ°îÍË¡°ÁÖ¡±»¹¸û¡£
Áõ°îÊ®·ÖÄջ𣬰ÑÏôºÎË͵½Í¢Î¾´¦ÖÎ×ï¡£´ó³¼ÍõÎÀξͦÉí¶ø³ö£¬ÎªÏôºÎÕù±ç¡£ÍõÎÀξÑÔÓD¶¯£¬ÖéÁ¬ÅÚ°ãµØÏòÁõ°î¾ÙÊ£¬Áõ°îÔ½ÌýÔ½¾õÀí¿÷£¬±ãÊÍ·ÅÏôºÎ£¬²¢Ç××ÔÏòÆäÅâÀñÈÏ´í£¬ÌÃÌô󺺿ª¹ú»ÊµÛ£¬¾¹Ïò³¼×ÓÅâÀñÖÂǸ£¬ÕâÖÖ¾«Éñ£¬ÉîÖµÎÒÃǺóÈËѧϰ¡£
6¡¢¶ÌѧÎÊÈ´¸»ÓÐÔ¶¼û
Áõ°îÁÙÖÕÇ°£¬ÂÀºóÎÊÏôÏà¹úËÀÁËÖ®ºó£¬Ë¿É½ÓÌ棬Áõ°î˵²Ü²Î¿É£¬ÂÀºóÓÖÎʲܲκóÄØ£¿Áõ°î˵ÍõÁê¿É½ÓÈΣ¬µ«ÍõÁêÖÇı²»×㣬¿ÉÓɳÂƽ¸¨×ô£¬³ÂƽÓÐÖÇıµ«¾ö¶ÏÁ¦²î£¬ÖܲªËä²»ÉÆÑÔ´Ê£¬µ«ÎªÈËÖÒºñ£¬ÈÕºó°²ÄþÁõÊϽɽ£¬Îª¹úÁ¢¹¦µÄ¿Ï¶¨ÊÇËû£¬ÈÃËû×ö̫ξ°É¡£ºóÀ´µÄÊÂʵ֤ʵÁõ°îµÄÏȼûÖ®Ã÷£¬´óºº½É½Äܲ»±»ÂÀÊ϶áÈ¡£¬ÖܲªºÍ³Âƽ¹¦²»ÐÐû¡£¿É¼ûÁõ°îËä¶ÌѧÎÊÈ´ºÜÓмûʶ£¬ÄÜʶÈË£¬ÓÐÔ¶¼û¡£
×ÜÖ®£¬Áõ°îµÄÀÖ³ÉÊÇÀúÊ·µÄÒ»¶¨£¬ËûÎäÁ¦Ëä²»¼°ÏîÓð£¬ÉõÖÁÆ·ÐÐÉÏÒ²Òª±ÈÏîÓðÀ´µÄÒõ°µ£¬µ«Áõ°îÖªÈËÉÆÈΣ¬ÒòÊÆÀûµ¼£¬ÖÕÓÚսʤÁËÏîÓ𣬵ÇÉÏÁËÎ÷ºº»ÊµÛµÄ±¦×ù£¬½¨Á¢Á˺º³¯¡£
1931Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÖÐÑëËÕÇøµÚ¶þ´Î·´¡°Î§½Ë¡±¸æ½Ý
1947Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬½â·ÅÕ½Õù£ºÃÏÁ¼áÄÕ½ÒÛ¿ªÊ¼
1954Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÎÒ¹úµÚÒ»×ù´óÐÍɽ¹ÈË®¿â¡ª¡ªÓÀ¶¨ºÓ¹ÙÌüË®¿â¿¢¹¤ÆôÓÃ
1992Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÎÒ¹úÓë¿ËÂÞµØÑǽ¨Á¢Íâ½»¹Øϵ
1996Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬ÎÒ´ú±íÔÚÁªºÏ¹úºôÓõ½¨Á¢¹«ÕýºÏÀíÊÀ½çÐÂÎÅÖÈÐò
1998Äê5ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬´óÐË°²Áë°¢¶ûɽ·¢ÉúÉÁÖ´ó»ð
³þººÏàÕù£¬Áõ°îºÎÒÔµÃÌìÏ£¿
³þººÏàÕùÊÇÎ÷³þ°ÔÍõÏîÓ𡢺ºÍõÁõ°îÁ½´ó¼¯ÍÅΪÕù¶áÕþȨ¶ø½øÐеÄÒ»³¡´ó¹æÄ£Õ½Õù£¬ÕⳡÁ¬Ðø½üÎåÄêµÄÕ½ÒÛ×îÖÕÒÔÏîÓð°ÜÍö£¬Áõ°î½¨Á¢Î÷ººÍõ³¯¶ø¸æÖÕ¡£Áõ°îÒԺεÃÌìÏ£¿
1¡¢Îª²ÝÔóÈ´ÖªÈËÉÆÈÎ
Áõ°îÒ»½é²ÝÔó£¬ÔÚÂÒÊÀÖÐÆð±ø£¬µÇ»ÊµÛ±¦×ù¡£Áõ°î×ÔÎÒ×ܽáÔÒò£º¡°·òÔ˳ïá¡ÕÊÖ®ÖУ¬¾öʤǧÀïÖ®Í⣬Îá²»Èç×Ó·¿£¬Õò¹ú¼Ò£¬¸øÀ¡â㬲»Í£Á¸µÀ£¬Îá²»ÈçÏôºÎ£¬Á¬°ÙÍòÖ®¾ü£¬Õ½±Øʤ£¬¹¥±ØÈ¡£¬Îá²»È纫ÐÅ¡£´ËÈýÈ˽ÔÈ˽ÜÒ²£¬´ËÎáËùÒÔÈ¡ÌìÏÂÒ²¡±¡£
Áõ°îÊÖϾۼ¯ÖÚ¶àÓ¢ÐÛºÀ½Ü£¬ÆäÖв»ÉÙÈ˸ú¹ýÏîÓ𣬵«ÓÉÓÚ²»±»ÖØÓ㬲ÅͶ±¼Áõ°î£¬¶øÁõ°îÖªÈËÉÆÈΣ¬ÖÕ»ñÀֳɡ£
2¡¢ÊÇÎÞÀµÈ´ºÀ·Å´ó·½
Áõ°îÒ»¸ö"ÎÞÀµ"֮ͽ£¬È´ÉîÖª¸Ð¶÷ºÍ¼¤ÀøµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬Ã¿´Î´òÁËʤÕÌ£¬¶¼ºÁ²»Ï§ØÄ·âÉÍ£¬¶ÔԪѫ¼Ó¹Ù½ø¾ô£¬¶ÔÊ¿±øÒ²ÓÐÎïÖʽ±Àø£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÊÖϵÄÈËÔ¸ÒâËæ×ÅËû³öÉúÈëËÀ¡£
3¡¢ÐÔ¿ñÍýÈ´´ÓÚÉÈçÁ÷
´óºº³õÁ¢£¬°Ù·Ï´ýÐË£¬Ò»Ð©È˱ãÏòÁõ°î½øÑÔÖιúÖ®µÀ£¬ÎªÁõ°îËùáÂ½¼Ö˵£ºÄã¿ÉÒÔÂíÉϵÃÌìÏ£¬µ«ÄÜÂíÉÏÖÎÌìÏÂÂð£¿Áõ°îÃæÓвÑÉ«£¬±ãÈý¼Ö×ܽáÇØÍöººÐ˵ľÑé½Ìѵ£¬ÒÔ×ʽè¼ø¡£
Áõ°îËäÊÇ´ÖÈË£¬ÐÔÇé¿ñÍý£¬È´²»ÊdzäÎÞÖªÖ®ÈË£¬ÄܹãÄÉÁ¼ÑÔ£¬µÃÒÔÐË°î¡£
4¡¢Ëäλ¸ßÈ´Öª´íÄܸÄ
Áõ°î³ÆµÛºó¿ªÊ¼×·ÇóÏíÀÖ£¬ÔÚ¾©³Ç³¤°²ËÄÖÜÇ¿ÐÐȦÁËÒ»´óƬɽ´¨ÍÁµØ£¬°ÑËü±äΪר¹©×Ô¼ºá÷ÁÔÓÎÀֵij¡Ëù¡°ÉÏÁÖÔ·¡±¡£Òò³¤°²ËÄÖܿɸû×÷µÄÍÁµØºÜÉÙ£¬ÀèÃñÒâ¼ûºÜ´ó£¬ÏôºÎ±ãÉÏÊé×èµ²£¬Ï£ÍûÁõ°îÍË¡°ÁÖ¡±»¹¸û¡£
Áõ°îÊ®·ÖÄջ𣬰ÑÏôºÎË͵½Í¢Î¾´¦ÖÎ×ï¡£´ó³¼ÍõÎÀξͦÉí¶ø³ö£¬ÎªÏôºÎÕù±ç¡£ÍõÎÀξÑÔÓD¶¯£¬ÖéÁ¬ÅÚ°ãµØÏòÁõ°î¾ÙÊ£¬Áõ°îÔ½ÌýÔ½¾õÀí¿÷£¬±ãÊÍ·ÅÏôºÎ£¬²¢Ç××ÔÏòÆäÅâÀñÈÏ´í£¬ÌÃÌô󺺿ª¹ú»ÊµÛ£¬¾¹Ïò³¼×ÓÅâÀñÖÂǸ£¬ÕâÖÖ¾«Éñ£¬ÉîÖµÎÒÃǺóÈËѧϰ¡£
6¡¢¶ÌѧÎÊÈ´¸»ÓÐÔ¶¼û
Áõ°îÁÙÖÕÇ°£¬ÂÀºóÎÊÏôÏà¹úËÀÁËÖ®ºó£¬Ë¿É½ÓÌ棬Áõ°î˵²Ü²Î¿É£¬ÂÀºóÓÖÎʲܲκóÄØ£¿Áõ°î˵ÍõÁê¿É½ÓÈΣ¬µ«ÍõÁêÖÇı²»×㣬¿ÉÓɳÂƽ¸¨×ô£¬³ÂƽÓÐÖÇıµ«¾ö¶ÏÁ¦²î£¬ÖܲªËä²»ÉÆÑÔ´Ê£¬µ«ÎªÈËÖÒºñ£¬ÈÕºó°²ÄþÁõÊϽɽ£¬Îª¹úÁ¢¹¦µÄ¿Ï¶¨ÊÇËû£¬ÈÃËû×ö̫ξ°É¡£ºóÀ´µÄÊÂʵ֤ʵÁõ°îµÄÏȼûÖ®Ã÷£¬´óºº½É½Äܲ»±»ÂÀÊ϶áÈ¡£¬ÖܲªºÍ³Âƽ¹¦²»ÐÐû¡£¿É¼ûÁõ°îËä¶ÌѧÎÊÈ´ºÜÓмûʶ£¬ÄÜʶÈË£¬ÓÐÔ¶¼û¡£
×ÜÖ®£¬Áõ°îµÄÀÖ³ÉÊÇÀúÊ·µÄÒ»¶¨£¬ËûÎäÁ¦Ëä²»¼°ÏîÓð£¬ÉõÖÁÆ·ÐÐÉÏÒ²Òª±ÈÏîÓðÀ´µÄÒõ°µ£¬µ«Áõ°îÖªÈËÉÆÈΣ¬ÒòÊÆÀûµ¼£¬ÖÕÓÚսʤÁËÏîÓ𣬵ÇÉÏÁËÎ÷ºº»ÊµÛµÄ±¦×ù£¬½¨Á¢Á˺º³¯¡£